– Rome wars against Antiochus III, Seleucid king of Syria – Rosetta stone records coronation of Ptolemy V in Egypt – Seleucid victory at Panium ends the Fifth Syrian War Egypt loses Coele-Syria for good, though retaining Cyprus – Eratosthenes of Cyrene accurately calculated the circumference of the world The Xiongnu, later called Huns, rise to power in Central Asia and invade Chinese western border regions.Greek city-states come under Roman rule.Domestication of the Bactrian and Arabian camel, vital for desert travel.– Roman authors write about showers of stones falling from the sky, terrifying local population Senate orders a conical meteorite known as the Needle of Cybele, worshipped in Asia Minor, be brought to Rome – Han dynasty overthrows Qin and develops its vast empire – Antiochus II occupied in the East with his so-called Anabasis (to c. – Construction of the 2,500 mile Great Wall of China begins in an attempt to keep out invading Mongols from the north Antiochus re-establishes Seleucid power in Asia Minor and blockades Achaeus in Sardis ![]() ![]() – Outbreak of the First Macedonian War (215-205) between Philip V and Rome. – Egyptian victory at Raphia (22 June) ends the Fourth Syrian War, and Egypt recovers Coele-Syria except for the port of Seleucia – Achaeus assumes the royal title in Asia Minor (to 214) – Outbreak of Fourth Syrian War (to 217), Antiochus III attacking and overrunning most of Coele-Syria – Qin dynasty unites all of China for the first time Ptolemy III is succeeded (Dec.) by Ptolemy IV Philopator (to 204) – Revolt of Molon, who assumes the royal title (to 221) in Mesopotamia. Achaeus on the latter's behalf re-establishes Seleucid power in Asia Minor against Pergamum – Seleucus III succeeded by Antiochus III the Great (to 187). (227?) – Colossus of Rhodes toppled in earthquake – Seleucus II succeeded by Seleucus III Soter (to 223) – Death of Antiochus Hierax Seleucus II recovers Asia Minor – Diodotus creates Graeco-Bactrian kingdom of Bactria (lasting to 100 B.C.), around which gravitate Sogdiana (to the north), Margiana (to the north-west) and Aria (in the west) – End of Third Syrian War leaves Ptolemy III in possession of much of the south coast of Asia as well as Syria Outbreak of the Third Syrian (or Laodicean) War (246-241) between Ptolemy III and Seleucus II – Antiochus II dies at Ephesus (summer) and is succeeded by Seleucus II Calinicus (246-226/5), but in Asia Minor by Antiochus Hierax (246-226). – Parthians free themselves from Seleucid domination and Arsaces I founds dynasty east of the Caspian Sea – Death of Antiochus I (1 or 2 June) Antiochus II becomes sole king (261-246) – Antiochus II Theos associated king by his father – Rome begins exerting power over other Mediterranean countries – Red Sea canal (originally dug by Persian king Darius I, 500 B.C.) re-excavated by Ptolomies, facilitates Mediterranean trade with Indian Ocean region – Library of Alexandria built by Athenian exile Demetrius of Phaleron under the patronage of King Ptolemy I, with an annex set up some 60 years later Gandhara art type emerges and starts a new art style – Serindian ![]() It is the end of the ancient period and the beginning of the Medieval era.Natural events and related information are indicated in color In Jewish history, this was the period of the Bar Kokhba revolt from Roman rule and the time of the writing of the Mishnah and Septuagint. This was the first period in which Christianity became important when the Romans suffered barbarian incursions and declined. Mauryan Empire Eastern Chou, Warring States, Ch'in, and Han Periods Roman Republic Classical Greece Hellenistic Greece Seleucids In the later years of this period, in Biblical History, the Seleucids were the monarchs under whom the Hasmonean and then the Herodian kings arose. It was during this period that Greece flourished, fought the Persians, was conquered by the Macedonians, and later the Romans the Romans got rid of their kings, established the Republican form of government and then started the rule by emperors. It is thought this was the period of the famous Biblical kings, or at least Samuel, and later, the time of the Babylonian Captivity.ĬLASSICAL ANTIQUITY STARTS: 500 B.C. ![]() The Persians were expanding their empire in the eastern Mediterranean. Homer is thought to have written his epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey. Greco-Roman Ancient Near East Central/Eastern Asia It probably corresponds to the time of the Biblical Book of Exodus. This was the period when, if the Trojan War is real, it probably happened. Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Valley (Harappa) Shang Dynasty in China This was still a very ancient period, part of the Bronze Age, and before the time when the Trojan War, if it happened, would have taken place. With the beginning of writing came the first period considered historical.
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